Rudolph was also Beethoven's only long term composition student. Over the course of their relationship Rudolph grew to deeply admire Beethoven, saving nearly over a hundred letters from Beethoven. He collected many first editions of Beethoven's compositions and signed copies. Beethoven also grew fond of Rudolph, treating him as his own nephew. When Rudolph became archbishop, Beethoven was able to serve in his court, perhaps as kapellmeister, and continue composing.

